DLL - explicação

DIREITOS DE ACESSO

Cada célula na matriz representa os direitos de acesso concedidos a um determinado assunto para interagir com um objeto particular. Como a matriz lista todos os assuntos e todos os objetos no sistema, ele mostra todos os direitos concedidos. Quando falamos sobre o acesso à RAM, as opções de acesso incluem:

• Acesso de leitura / gravação permitido (RW abreviado)

• Apenas acesso de leitura, sem escrita (omita o W; mostre apenas R-)

• Nenhum acesso permitido (omite R e W, mostre dois hifens)

O sistema operacional sempre possui acesso completo de leitura / gravação à RAM usada pelos processos que executa. Isso permite que ele crie processos, para garantir que eles se revezem e removê-los do sistema quando eles terminaram a execução ou se portarem mal.

Em sistemas modernos, os programas geralmente contêm várias seções de controle separadas. Uma seção de controle contém o procedimento "principal" no qual o programa começa e termina. Outras seções de controle geralmente contêm bibliotecas de procedimentos que são compartilhadas entre vários programas diferentes. No Microsoft Windows, estas são chamadas de "bibliotecas de links dinâmicos" e carregam um sufixo ".dll".

ACCESS RIGHTS

Each cell in the matrix represents the access rights granted to a particular subject for interacting with a particular object. Because the matrix lists all subjects and all objects on the system, it shows all rights granted. When we talk about RAM access, the access choices include:

•  Read/write access allowed (abbreviated RW)

•  Read access only, no writing (omit the W; show only R-)

•  No access allowed (omit both R and W; show two hyphens)

The operating system always has full read/write access to RAM used by processes it runs. This allows it to create processes, to ensure that they take turns, and to remove them from the system when they have finished execution or they misbehave.

In modern systems, programs often contain several separate control sections. One control section contains the “main” procedure where the program begins and ends. Other control sections often contain procedure libraries that are shared among many different programs. On Microsoft Windows, these are called “dynamic link libraries” and carry a “.dll” suffix.

(Smith 81)

Risky online dating apps putting your privacy in danger

You may not be as anonymous as you think.

Graham Cluley | October 29, 2017 12:20 am | Filed under: Android, iOS, Privacy  0

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If you weren't nervous enough about the prospect of meeting a complete stranger after connecting on an online dating app, there's something else to worry about.

Just how carefully is your app keeping your personal information and location out of other people's sight?

Researchers at Kaspersky have taken a look at a number of online dating apps for Android and iOS, and found that some are doing a pretty poor job of securing users' details.

Firstly, some apps encourage users to enter their place of work on their profile:

First of all, we checked how easy it was to track users with the data available in the app. If the app included an option to show your place of work, it was fairly easy to match the name of a user and their page on a social network. This in turn could allow criminals to gather much more data about the victim, track their movements, identify their circle of friends and acquaintances. This data can then be used to stalk the victim.

More specifically, in Tinder, Happn and Bumble users can add information about their job and education. Using that information, we managed in 60% of cases to identify users’ pages on various social media, including Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as their full names and surnames.

In addition, some dating apps were found to track users' location - displaying the distance between a malicious party and a target. If a target was staying in one place, a hacker could feed an app bogus co-ordinates and receive information about their relative distance to track down the location of the person they were interested in.

The researchers reported that users of the Tinder, Mamba, Zoosk, Happn, WeChat, and Paktor apps were particularly susceptible to having their location determined.

Meanwhile, some apps were guilty of elementary security failures - transmitting sensitive information in an unencrypted format, opening opportunities for an attack to intercept the data in transit:

Most of the applications use SSL when communicating with a server, but some things remain unencrypted. For example, Tinder, Paktor and Bumble for Android and the iOS version of Badoo upload photos via HTTP, i.e., in unencrypted format. This allows an attacker, for example, to see which accounts the victim is currently viewing.

So, what should you do about this?

The first rule has to always be to think carefully about what information you share online (including in dating apps). Even if the information you have provided to the app isn't in itself enough to identify you, remember that chances are that you have left plenty of other information about yourself lying across the internet (maybe on Facebook on LinkedIn for instance) which will help someone to track you down.

It may even be possible for an attacker to conduct what are known as "reverse image searches", where rather than type words into a search engine to look for something, someone could use the image that you have posted on a dating app and see if a similar image appears anywhere else online.

My guess is that many people may be quite happy using the same flattering snap of themselves in a dating app as on a social network or Instagram.

The other issue is that clearly some of these apps are poorly written. Your dating app may contain vulnerabilities that could lead to you unwittingly leaking your personal information, or provide clues that could lead someone to determining your true identity or location.

Depending on the vulnerability there may or may not be ways in which you can protect yourself from this - but I would always recommend using a secure VPN to protect your privacy when connected to the net via public Wi-Fi (even better use 3G or 4G if you're unsure about the Wi-Fi) and as a general rule only share information you don't mind ending up appearing in public online.

Patching

DNS attack and Defense

Risk Management framework

SUBVERTING THE CHAIN OF CONTROL

•  Bootstrap the computer from a separate USB drive or DVD that contains an OS controlled by the attacker. This bypasses Alice’s normal operating system and uses the different, bootstrapped one to modify her hard drive.

•  Trick Alice into running software that attacks her files. If she starts a process, the process has full access to her files.

•  Trick the operating system, or an administrator, into running a subverted program with administrative or system privileges. This often allows a program to bypass security restrictions. This is how the Morris Worm attacked through the finger process.

We can install security measures to block these vulnerabilities, but we need to decide that these are risks worth addressing. This depends on the threat agents who might bootstrap her computer.

(Smith 76)

Os transbordamentos de buffer

Os transbordamentos de buffer são um problema contínuo e alguns culpam a linguagem de programação C, que foi usada para escrever muitos programas modernos, processos de protocolo e sistemas operacionais. As bibliotecas de programação originais para C não forneceram verificação de limites para entrada orientada para texto. Isso pode ter feito programas mais eficientes quando os computadores eram menores e mais lentos, mas os riscos de transbordamento do buffer não justificam mais os ganhos de eficiência.

Linguagens de programação modernas, como Java e muitas linguagens de script, verificarão automaticamente o estouro ou o transbordamento de buffer. No entanto, muitos programadores ainda usam C. As bibliotecas C modernas fornecem maneiras de verificar o estouro do buffer, mas nem todos os programadores os entendem e usam.

(Smith 66)

Smith, Richard E. Elementary Information Security, 2ª edição. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 20150223. Arquivo do VitalBook.

BUFFERS

Embora a maioria das instruções do computador envolvam aritmética de algum tipo, nem todos os dados são estritamente numéricos. Uma grande quantidade de processamento envolve blocos de texto ou outros dados estruturados ou dados "não processados" que estão sendo movidos entre circuitos de I/O, como os de conexões de rede.

Um roteador de rede é responsável por dirigir o tráfego de rede na Internet. Um roteador ocupado em um site grande transfere significante quantidades de dados enquanto tenta realmente "procurar" o mínimo possível. O roteador tenta passar o tempo todo dando comandos aos circuitos de I/O da rede. Quando gasta tempo olhando os dados dentro de uma mensagem de rede, atrasa a entrega da mensagem.

Quando os circuitos de I/O do roteador recebem uma mensagem de rede, os dados são lidos em uma área na RAM. Uma área na RAM usada para mover dados é chamada de buffer. No máximo, o roteador analisa alguns bytes no início do buffer e então informa uma interface de rede para transmitir o conteúdo do buffer em outra rede. Buffers sempre residem em uma seção de dados. Se o buffer for usado apenas dentro de um procedimento específico, o buffer provavelmente residirá na pilha(stack).

(Smith 57)

Smith, Richard E. Elementary Information Security, 2ª edição. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 20150223. Arquivo do VitalBook.

A citação fornecida é uma diretriz. Verifique cada citação para verificar a precisão antes de usar.

André Franco Montoro

Estava a caminhar no aeroporto de Guarulhos e li esta frase sobre integração.
Acredito que se os países não se unirem, é muito difícil competir com os G7 e por conseguinte, coloco aqui a importância do Brasil tornar seu povo letrado em espanhol e inglês. Sem essa comunicação, não teremos um diálogo frutífero e intercambiável com a América Latina.

Primeiro robô doméstico de companhia totalmente brasileiro

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